الصفات السلبية عند الأشاعرة وأدلتها النقلية والعقلية دراسة تحليلية

يعتبر مبحث تنزيه الله تعالى عن کل نقصٍ ، وحاجةٍ، وعيبٍ، من أعظم المباحث العقدية؛ لأن تنزيه الله تعالى هو غاية کل موحد، ومقصد کل مريد، ومن الأصول والقواعد العقدية المقررة عند أهل السنة، أن کل کمال مطلق فهو ثابت لله تعالى، وکل نقص ولو من وجه واحد فالمولى سبحانه منزه عنه، فقام أهل السنة باستقراء النصوص النقلية الصحيحة، والدلائل العقلية القاطعة في باب التنزيهات، فوقفوا على خمس صفات سلبية، تعتبر أمهات الصفات في باب التنزيهات، وما عداها من الصفات التنزيهية يرجع إليها عند التحقيق، فقام أهل السنة بواجبهم تجاه هذه الصفات الخمس ببيان رسومها، وتجلية مفهومها، وإظهار حقيتها بذکر أدلتها النقلية والعقلية، لتکون نبراساً بهياً لمريد التنزيه، ودرعاً واقياً من الانجراف في التعطيل أو التشبه.


AL-ʾASHĀ‛IRAH’S DEFECT-NEGATING DIVINE ATTRIBUTES AND THEIR PROOFS WHETHER QUOTED FROM THE QUR᾿ĀN AND THE PROPHET’S TRADITION OR OBTAINED BY REASONING:
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
MUHAMMAD KHALIL MUHAMMAD AL-NUWEUHI (CHIEF RESEARCHER), ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, and AMER SALAMA FALAH AL-MALAHMEH, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,
FACULTY OF DA’WA AND FOUNDATIONS OF RELIGION, THE WORLD ISLAMIC SCIENCES AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY
m.khalil56@gmail.com
Abstract
  Believing that Allah is so exalted that He has no deficiency or need is one of the most significant topics of research related to the Islamic creed. Believing that Allah is far above all deficiencies is the aim of every monotheist, and the objective of every true believer. One of the fundamental principles of the creed of the followers of  the Sunnah^[1] is that each absolute perfection belongs to Allah Almighty, and that Allah, Glory be to Him, is free from any deficiency whatsoever. When the Sunnah scholars studied the relevant texts from the Qur᾿ān and the Prophet’s Tradition used as proofs, in addition to the proofs obtained by reasoning in the field of ascribing no deficiency to Allah, they pinpointed five defect-negating Divine attributes that are regarded as major in this field. The rest of these attributes are referred to under the topic of Disclaimed Divine Attributes. The Sunnah scholars did their duties toward these five attributes by indicating their origins, clarifying their concepts, and explaining their essence through proofs quoted from religious sources and others derived from reasoning. Thus, it is hoped that such studies form a light that guides those who ascribe no deficiency to Allah, and a shield that protects them from being drifted along with those who reject the true Divine attributes altogether, or fall victims to doubtful matters.
Key words: defect-negating Divine attributes - Al-ʾAshā‛irah – quoting and reasoning



[1] The Prophet’s Tradition