رواية مخرمة بن بكير عن أبيه دراسة نقدية

رواية مخرمة بن بكير عن أبيه "دراسة نقدية"
 محمد بهاء النور عبد الرحيم عثمان
قسم أصول الدين، كلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنين بالقاهرة، جامعة الأزهر الشريف، مصر.
 البريد الإلكتروني: mohamedbnoor1980@gmail. com
الملخـــص:
 اعتنى علماء الحديث بما عُرف برواية الآباء عن الأبناء، حتى لا يُتوهّم الأب ابنا أو العكس، أو يُتوهّم انقلاب السند، سواء كان الابن يروي عن أبيه فقط، أو يروي عن أبيه عن جده، لأن هذا مما يُحتاج لمعرفته، فالمشاهد في الكثير من الأحيان أن لا يُذكر اسم الأب أو الجد في السند، وفي بعضها ما يحتاج إلى التنبيه على حقيقة سماعه من أبيه أو من جده، لذا صنّف العلماء في هذا النوع لتحقيق هذا الغرض ولرفع الخلاف الواقع بين المحدِّثين بسبب طعن بعضهم في هذه الروايات بعدم الاتصال، ومن هؤلاء ابن أبي خيثمة (ت279 ç) وكتابه (جزء من روى عن أبيه عن جدç)، وأبو نصر الوائلي (ت 444 ç) وكتابه(رواية الأبناء عن آبائهم) والحافظ العلائي (ت 761 ç) وكتابه الوشي المعلم في من روى عن أبيه عن جده عن النبي - r- وهو أجمع مُصنّف في ذلك، نقل عنه العلماء أشياء كثيرة.
ومن الرواة الذين وقع الخلاف بين العلماء في حكم سماعهم من آبائهم، مخرمة بن بكير،فبعضهم حكم له بالسماع من أبيه، وبعضهم حكم على روايته عن أبيه بالانقطاع وعدم السماع وأثبتها وجادة، وبعضهم أثبت له السماع من أبيه لكن في حديث واحد.
فأردت في هذا البحث أن أناقش هذه الأقوال وأدلتها وبيان الراجح منها، واعتمدت في هذا البحث على المنهج التحليلي النقدي، أرجِّح من خلاله ما يليق بحال مخرمة في السماع من أبيه، ومن أهم ما توصلت إليه: أن الراجح عند جمهور المحدثين أن مخرمة لم يصح سماعه من أبيه، وإنما هي كتب وجدها وحدث منها، وأن من قال بسماع مخرمة من أبيه لم تخل أدلته من مقال يضعفها، وأيضا تخالف ماعليه أئمة النقد، ولا تقوى لمعارضة أدلة القائلين بعدم السماع، وإثبات روايته وجادة، والله أعلم.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الرواية، مخرمة، أبي خيثمة، رواية الأبناء، بكير، اتصال السند.
The Transmission of Makhramah Bin Bakeer after his Father
A critical Study
 
By: Mohammed Bahaa El- Nour Abdel – Raheem Othman
Majored in Hadith and its Sciences
Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies for Men in Cairo
Azhar University
 
Abstract
 Hadith scholars showed due concern to what is known as the transmission of the fathers after their sons in order not to think of the father as a son or vice versa. It is also designed not to reverse the chain of transmission whether the son narrates after his father only or after his father and his grandfather as this should be made clear. In many cases، the name of the father or grandfather is not stated in the chain of transmission whereas in some other cases there is a need for emphasizing the fact that the narrator heard from his father or his grandfather. Therefore، scholars have identified this kind of transmission to achieve the objective of ending the disagreement in between the scholars of Hadith because some of them doubted these narrations as they were inconsistent. Some of those scholars are Ibn Abi Khaythamah (died in 279 A. H. ) and his book was (A Part from his Transmission after his Father and after his Grandfather)، Abu Nassr Al- Wa'eli (died in 444 A. H. ) and his book was (The Transmission of the Sons after their Fathers)، Al- Hafez Al- Alaey (died in 761 A. H. ) and his book was The Instructive Embellishment regarding those who narrated after their Fathers،after their Grandfathers and after Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) which is the most preponderant classification in that field and scholars have quoted from it a lot. One of the narrators، around whom scholars have disagreed about his hearing from his father، is Makhramah Bin Bakeer. Some scholars judged him as he heard from his father while others judged his transmission after his father as inconsistent and lacked hearing which was stressed by Wajadah but other scholars have approved his hearing from his father in just one Hadith. Consequently، this research investigates these sayings and their clues to decide what is preponderant. The research has relied on the critical and analytical approaches which enabled the researcher to decide what would suit Makhramah concerning his hearing from his father. In conclusion، the research has referred to some findings for example، it is preponderant for the majority of Hadith scholars that Makhramah has not heard from his father، but he found books and narrated from them. In addition، those who agreed that Makhramah heard from his father، their evidence is doubted because of weak sayings and، at the same time، they are in controversy with the views of the Imams of criticism. Moreover، such evidence can hardly equate the counter views of those who did not believe in Makhramah as hearing from his father and this transmission was stressed by Wajadah.
Key words: transmission، Abi Khaythamah، the transmission of the sons، Bakeer، consistency of the chain of transmission.